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Biblical Studies -- Old Testament: Journal Articles

Guides for courses that relate to the Old and New Testaments. Also, general information that will aid in the understanding and reflection of the Bible.

Censuses (Num 1 and 26)

  • Goldstein, Aaron J. “Large Census Numbers in Numbers: An Evaluation of Current Proposals.” Presbyterion 38/2 (2012): 99–108. [link]
  • Kislev, Itamar. “The Census of the Israelites on the Plains of Moab (Numbers 26): Sources and Redaction.” Vetus Testamentum 63/2 (2013): 236–60. doi:10.1163/15685330-12341107. [link]
  • ___________. “The Numbers of Numbers: The Census Accounts in the Book Numbers.” Zeitschrift Für Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 128/2 (2016): 189–204. doi:10.1515/zaw-2016-0014. [link]
  • Lunn, Nicholas P. “Numbering Israel: A Rhetorico-Structural Analysis of Numbers 1-4.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 35/2 (2010): 167–85. doi:10.1177/0309089210386020. [link]
  • Olson, Dennis T. “Negotiating Boundaries: The Old and New Generations and the Theology of Numbers.” Interpretation 51/3 (1997): 229–40. [link]
  • Waite, Jerry. “The Census of Israelite Men after Their Exodus from Egypt.” Vetus Testamentum 60/3 (2010): 487–91. doi:10.1163/156853310X499853. [link]

The Suspected Adulteress/Sotah (Num 5)

  • Amzallag, Gérard Nissim, and Shamir Yonah. “The Kenite Origin of the Sotah Prescription (Numbers 5.11-31).” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 41/4 (2017): 383–412. doi:10.1177/0309089216661176. [link]
  • Barfoot, James. “Two Poems from Numbers 5:11-31.” Anglican Theological Review 73/1 (1991): 61–62. [link]
  • Briggs, Richard S. “Reading the Sotah Text (Numbers 5:11-31): Holiness and a Hermeneutic Fit for Suspicion.” Biblical Interpretation 17/3 (2009): 288–319. doi:10.1163/156851508X329665 [link]
  • Britt, Brian. “Male Jealousy and the Suspected Sotah: Toward a Counter-Reading of Numbers 5:11-31.” The Bible & Critical Theory 3/1 (2007). doi:10.2104/bc070005. [link]
  • Feinstein, Eve Levavi. “The’ Bitter Waters’ of Numbers 5:11-31.” Vetus Testamentum 62/3 (2012): 300–306. doi:10.1163/156853312X637695. [link]
  • Frymer-Kensky, Tikva Simone. “The Strange Case of the Suspected Sotah (Numbers 5:11-31).” Vetus Testamentum 34/1 (1984): 11–26. [link]
  • Haberman, Bonna Devora. “The Suspected Adulteress: A Study of Textual Embodiment.” Prooftexts 20/1–2 (2000): 12–42. [link]
  • Jeon, Jaeyoung. “Two Laws in the Sotah Passage (Num v 11-31).” Vetus Testamentum 57/2 (2007): 181–207. [link]
  • Knohl, Israel. “The Guilt Offering Law of the Holiness School (Num v 5-8).” Vetus Testamentum 54/4 (2004): 516–26. [link]
  • Milgrom, Jacob. “On the Suspected Adulteress (Numbers 5:11-31).” Vetus Testamentum 35/3 (1985): 368–69. [link]
  • Miller, Daniel. “Another Look at the Magical Ritual for a Suspected Adultress in Numbers 5:11-31.” Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft 5/1 (2010): 1–16. [link]
  • Pardee, Dennis. “Mārîm in Numbers 5.” Vetus Testamentum 35/1 (1985): 112–15. [link]

Nazirite Vow & Aaronide Blessing (Num 6)

  • Awabdy, Mark A. “The Holiness Composition of the Priestly Blessing.” Biblica 99/1 (2018): 29–49. doi:10.2143/bib.99.1.3284710. [link]
  • Cartledge, Tony W. “Were Nazirite Vows Unconditional.” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 51/3 (1989): 409–22. [link]
  • Gudme, Anne Katrine de Hemmer. “How Should We Read Hebrew Bible Ritual Texts?: A Ritualistic Reading of the Law of the Nazirite (Num 6,1-21).” Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 23/1 (2009): 64–84. doi:10.1080/09018320902853772. [link]
  • Jastrow, Morris. “The’ Nazir’ Legislation.” Journal of Biblical Literature 33/4 (1914): 266–85. [link]
  • Kavanagh, Preston. “The Jehoiachin Code in Scripture’s Priestly Benediction.” Biblica 88/2 (2007): 234–44. [link]
  • Korpel, Marjo C. A. “The Poetic Structure of the Priestly Blessing.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 14/45 (1989): 3–13. [link]
  • Liebreich, Leon J. “The Songs of Ascents and the Priestly Blessing.” Journal of Biblical Literature 74/1 (1955): 33–36. [link]
  • Martens, E. A. “Intertext Messaging: Echoes of the Aaronic Blessing (Numbers 6:24-26).” Direction 38/2 (2009): 163–78. [link]

The Murmuring Tradition (especially Num 11, 20 & 21)

  • Beirne, D. “Note on Numbers 11:4.” Biblica 44/2 (1963): 201–3. [link]
  • Bulkeley, Tim. “Experiencing God as Motherly.” Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies 17/2 (2014): 163–70. [link]
  • Cotton, Roger D. “The Pentecostal Significance of Numbers 11.” Journal of Pentecostal Theology 10/1 (2001): 3–10. [link]
  • Gipe, William C. “Numbers 11:24-30.” Interpretation 56/2 (2002): 196–98. [link]
  • Gorringe, Timothy. “Numbers: Chapter 11.” The Expository Times 117/1 (2005): 12–14. [link]
  • Levison, John R. “Prophecy in Ancient Israel: The Case of the Ecstatic Elders.” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 65/4 (2003): 503–21. [link]
  • Reis, Pamela Tamarkin. “Numbers XI: Seeing Moses Plain.” Vetus Testamentum 55/2 (2005): 207–31. [link]
  • Shemesh, Abraham-Ofir. “Food, Memory and Cultural-Religious Identity in the Story of the ‘Desirers’ (Nm 11:4–6).” Hervormde Teologiese Studies 76/3 (2020): 1–9. doi:10.4102/hts.v76i3.6158. [link]

  • Sommer, Benjamin D. “Reflecting on Moses: The Redaction of Numbers 11.” Journal of Biblical Literature 118/4 (1999): 601–24. [link]

Miriam (especially Num 12)

  • Ansell, Nicholas John. “‘If Her Father Had but Spit in Her Face ...’: Rethinking the Portrayal of Miriam in Numbers 12.” Canadian Theological Review 3/2 (2014): 28–51. [link]
  • Barton, Mukti. “The Skin of Miriam Became as White as Snow: The Bible, Western Feminism and Colour Politics.” Feminist Theology 27 (May 2001): 68–80. [link]
  • Bledstein, Adrien J. “Family Matters: A Multidimensional Reading of Miriam’s Humiliation and Healing.” Biblical Research 46 (2001): 55–61. [link]
  • Boesak, Allan Aubrey. 2017. “The Riverbank, the Seashore and the Wilderness: Miriam, Liberation and Prophetic Witness against Empire.” Hervormde Teologiese Studies 73/4 (2014): 1–15. doi:10.4102/hts.v73i4.4547. [link]
  • Graetz, Naomi. “Miriam: Guilty or Not Guilty?” Judaism 40/2 (1991): 184–92. [link]
  • Reiss, Moshe. “Miriam Rediscovered.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 38/3 (2010): 183–90. [link]
  • Robinson, Bernard P. "The jealousy of Miriam: a note on Num 12." Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 101/3 (1989): 428–432. [link]
  • Siquans, Agnethe. “‘She Dared to Reprove Her Father’: Miriam’s Image as a Female Prophet in Rabbinic Interpretation.” Journal of Ancient Judaism 6/3 (2015): 335–57. [link]
  • Sperling, S David. “Miriam, Aaron and Moses: Sibling Rivalry.” Hebrew Union College Annual 70 (1999): 39–55. [link]

Moses's Cushite wife (Num 12)

  • Hepner, Gershon. “Moses’ Cushite Wife Echoes Hosea’s Woman of Harlotries.” Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 23/2 (2009): 233–42. doi:10.1080/09018320903303579 [link]
  • Sadler, Rodney Steven. “Can a Cushite Change His Skin?: Cushites, ‘Racial Othering,’ and the Hebrew Bible.” Interpretation 60/4 (2006): 386–403. [link]
  • Schneider, Stanley. “Moses in Cush: Development of the Legend.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 47/2 (2019): 113–19. [link]
  • Serino, Ron M. “A Sign in the Dark: Moses’s Cushite Wife and Boundary Setting in the Book of Numbers.” Biblical Interpretation 24 (2016): 153–77. doi:10.1163/15685152-00242P02. [link]

Cities of refuge (Num 35)

  • Beck, Chad Thomas. “Sanctuary for Immigrants and Refugees in Our Legal and Ethical Wilderness.” Interpretation 72/2 (2018): 132–45. doi:10.1177/0020964317749541. [link]
  • Hadad, Eliezer. 2017. “‘Unintentionally’ (Numbers 35:11) and ‘Unwittingly’ (Deuteronomy 19:4): Two Aspects of the Cities of Refuge.” AJS Review 41/1 (2017): 155–73. doi:10.1017/ S0364009417000071. [link]
  • Mattison, Kevin. “MWSBL Student Paper Prize Bloodguilt and Asylum in Deuteronomy and the Holiness Legislation (Deut 19:1-13 and Num 35:9-34).” Conversations with the Biblical World 36 (2016): 29–45. [link]
  • _____________. “Contrasting Conceptions of Asylum in Deuteronomy 19 and Numbers 35.” Vetus Testamentum 68/2 (2018): 232–51. doi:10.1163/15685330-12341316. [link]
  • Peters, Mark. “Numbers 35:9-34.” Interpretation 54/1 (2000): 60–62. [link]

General Articles (Literary Structure, Single Texts, Etc.)

  • Albertz, Rainer. “A Pentateuchal Redaction in the Book of Numbers?: The Late Priestly Layers of Num 25-36.” Zeitschrift Für Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 125/2 (2013): 220–33. doi:10.1515/zaw-2013-0013. [link]
  • Anderson, Bradford A. “Edom in the Book of Numbers: Some Literary Reflections.” Zeitschrift Für Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 124/1 (2012): 38–51. doi:10.1515/zaw-2012-0003. [link]
  • Ayali-Darshan, Nogah. “The Seventy Bulls Sacrificed at Sukkot (Num 29:12-34) in Light of a Ritual Text from Emar (Emar 6,373).” Vetus Testamentum 65/1 (2015): 9–19. doi:10.1163/15685330-12341185. [link]
  • Baden, Joel S. “The Structure and Substance of Numbers 15.” Vetus Testamentum 63/3 (2013): 351–67. doi:10.1163/15685330-12341126. [link]
  • ___________. “The Narratives of Numbers 20-21.” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 76/4 (2014): 634–52. [link]
  • Bridge, Edward J. “Polite Israel and Impolite Edom: Israel’s Request to Travel through Edom in Numbers 20.14-21.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 35/1 (2010): 77–88. doi:10.1177/0309089210365961. [link]
  • Burnside, Jonathan. “‘What Shall We Do with the Sabbath-Gatherer?’: A Narrative Approach to a ‘Hard Case’ in Biblical Law (Numbers 15:32-36).” Vetus Testamentum 60/1 (2010): 45–62. doi:10.1163/004249310X12597406253283. [link]
  • Chavel, Simeon. “The Second Passover, Pilgrimage, and the Centralized Cult.” Harvard Theological Review 102/1 (2009): 1–24. [link]
  • Condren, Janson C. “Is the Account of the Organization of the Camp Devoid of Organization?: A Proposal for the Literary Structure of Numbers 1.-10.10.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 37/4 (2013): 423–52. doi:10.1177/0309089213475400. [link]
  • De Guglielmo, Antonine. “What Was the Manna?” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 2/2 (1940): 112–29. [link]
  • Derrett, J Duncan M. “The Bronze Serpent.” Estudios Bíblicos 49/3 (1991): 311–29. [link]
  • Eichler, Raanan. “The Poles of the Ark: On the Ins and Outs of a Textual Contradiction.” Journal of Biblical Literature 135/4 (2016): 733–41. doi:10.15699/jbl.1354.2016.2714. [link]
  • Fried, David. “Discerning Naẖshon’s Character from Textual and Intertextual Nuance.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 46/3 (2018): 169–78. [link]
  • Gorringe, Timothy. “Numbers 15.” The Expository Times 117/8 (2006): 316–18. [link]
  • Grossman, Jonathan. “Divine Command and Human Initiative: A Literary View on Numbers 25-31.” Biblical Interpretation 15/1 (2007): 54–79. [link]
  • Grument, Zvi. “Within and Without Our Encampment in the Desert: The Ambivalent Acceptance of a Biblical Convert.” Tradition 28/3 (1994): 70–78. [link]
  • Helfgot, Nathaniel. “‘Shall Your Brothers Go into Battle While You Remain Here?’: An Analysis of Numbers 32.” Tradition 32/2 (1998): 119–33. [link]
  • Hurowitz, Victor. “Healing and Hissing Snakes: Listening to Numbers 21:4-9.” Scriptura 87 (2004): 278–87. [link]
  • Kennedy, James. “Numbers 4:15-20.” Journal of Biblical Literature 36/1–2 (1917): 48–52. [link]
  • Kislev, Itamar. “The Investiture of Joshua (Numbers 27:12-23) and the Dispute on the Form of Leadership in Yehud.” Vetus Testamentum 59/3 (2009): 429–45. doi:10.1163/156853309X436313. [link]
  • Klein, Reuven Chaim (Rudolph). “The Iniquities of Ammon and Moab.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 43/2 (2015): 93–100. [link]
  • _________________________. “Between the Rivers Arnon and Jabbok.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 44/2 (2016): 125–33. [link]
  • Lawlor, John I. “The’ At-Sinai Narrative’: Exodus 18-Numbers 10.” Bulletin for Biblical Research 21/1 (2011): 23–42. [link]
  • Leveen, Adriane B. “Variations on a Theme: Differing Conceptions of Memory in the Book of Numbers.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 27/2 (2002): 201–21. [link]
  • Marquis, Liane M. “The Composition of Numbers 32: A New Proposal.” Vetus Testamentum 63/3 (2013): 408–32. doi:10.1163/15685330-12341122. [link]
  • Meyer, Esias E. “Ritual Innovation in Numbers 18?” Scriptura 116/2 (2017): 133–47. doi:10.7833/116-2-1322. [link]
  • Novick, Tzvi. “Law and Loss: Response to Catastrophe in Numbers 15.” Harvard Theological Review 101/1 (2008): 1–14. [link]
  • O’Brien, Mark A. “The Ties That Bind in Numbers 26-36.” Australian Biblical Review 62 (2014): 1–13. [link]
  • Roi, Micha. “Conditional Vows--Where They Are Made and Paid.” Biblische Notizen 167 (2015): 3–24. [link]
  • Spero, Shubert. “Hot Pursuit into Canaan.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 38/4 (2010): 247–50. [link]
  • Vander Hart, Mark D. “Being Christlike in Conflict: Perspectives from the Old Testament.” Mid-America Journal of Theology 27 (2016): 111–21. [link]

The Incident of the Spies (Num 13-14)

  • Beal, Lissa M Wray. “The Past as Threat and Hope: Reading Joshua with Numbers.” Bulletin for Biblical Research 27/4 (2017): 461–83. [link]
  • Beck, J A. “Geography and the Narrative Shape of Numbers 13.” Bibliotheca Sacra 157/627 (2000): 271–80. [link]
  • Boorer, Suzanne. “The Place of Numbers 13-14* and Numbers 20:2-12* in the Priestly Narrative (Pg).” Journal of Biblical Literature 131/1 (2012): 45–63. [link]
  • Condie, Keith. “Narrative Features of Numbers 13-14 and Their Significance for the Meaning of the Book of Numbers.” The Reformed Theological Review 60/3 (2001): 123–37. [link]
  • Curzer, Howard J. “Spies and Lies: Faithful, Courageous Israelites and Truthful Spies.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 35/2 (2010): 187–95. doi:10.1177/0309089210365964. [link]
  • Gorringe, Timothy. “Numbers 13-14.” The Expository Times 117/5 (2006): 182–84. [link]
  • Hymes, David C. “Heroic Leadership in the Wilderness Part I.” Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies 9/2 (2006): 295–318. [link]
  • Kislev, Itamar. “Joshua (and Caleb) in the Priestly Spies Story and Joshua’s Initial Appearance in the Priestly Source: A Contribution to an Assessment of the Pentateuchal Priestly Material.” Journal of Biblical Literature 136/1 (2017): 39–55. doi:10.15699/bl.1361.2017.156696. [link]
  • Krašovec, Jože. “Is There a Doctrine of ‘Collective Retribution’ in the Hebrew Bible.” Hebrew Union College Annual 65 (1994): 35–89. [link]
  • Krause, Joachim J. “Aesthetics of Production and Aesthetics of Reception in Analyzing Intertextuality: Illustrated with Joshua 2.” Biblica 96/3 (2015): 416–27. [link]
  • Kugler, Gili. “The Threat of Annihilation of Israel in the Desert: An Independent Tradition within Two Stories.” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 78/4 (2016): 632–47. [link]
  • O’Brien, Mark A. “Numbers 14:39: A Load Bearing Text for Lode Bearing Texts.” Australian Biblical Review 54 (2006): 13–23. [link]
  • Olickal, Mathew. “The ‘ Kabod Yahweh’ in the Priestly Wilderness Traditions: Numbers 14:10 as a Case Study.” Studia Biblica Slovaca 10/2 (2018): 121–41. [link]
  • Spies, Dawn Lyn. “The Fear of the Lord in Numbers 13-14.” Lutheran Forum 44/2 (2010): 10–12. [link]
  • Stein, Israel C. “Political and Spiritual Mutinies.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 36/2 (2008): 126. [link]
  • Uhlenbruch, Frauke. “Reconstructing Realities from Biblical Utopias: Alien Readers and Dystopian Potentials.” Biblical Interpretation 23/2 (2015): 191–206. doi:10.1163/15685152-00232A03. [link]

The Korahite Rebellion (Num 16)

  • Derrett, J Duncan M. “The Case of Korah versus Moses Reviewed.” Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 24/1 (1993): 59–78. [link]
  • Green, Ronald M. “The Korah Episode: A Rationalistic Reappraisal of Rabbinic Anti-Rationalism.” The Annual of the Society of Christian Ethics (1981), 97–120. [link]
  • Hort, Greta. “The Death of Qorah.” Australian Biblical Review 7/1–4 (1959): 2–26. [link]
  • Jeon, Jaeyoung. “The Zadokites in the Wilderness: The Rebellion of Korach (Num 16) and the Zadokite Redaction.” Zeitschrift Für Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 127/3 (2015): 381–411. doi:10.1515/zaw-2015-0021. [link]
  • Kislev, Itamar. 2019. “What Happened to the Sons of Korah?: The Ongoing Debate Regarding the Status of the Korahites.” Journal of Biblical Literature 138 (3): 497–511. doi:10.15699/jbl.1383.2019.525474. [link]
  • Luther, Brian P. “Creating a Creation: Ancient Interpretation of Korah’s Rebellion (Numbers 16-17).” The Westminster Theological Journal 73/2 (2011): 375. [link]
  • Magonet, J. The Korah rebellion. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 7/24 (1982), 3–25. [link]
  • Mirguet, Françoise. “Numbers 16: The Significance of Place--an Analysis of Spatial Markers.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 32/3 (2008): 311–30. doi:10.1177/030989208090803. [link]
  • Weinstein, Brian. “In Defense of Korah.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 37/4 (2009): 259–64. [link]

The sin at the sanctuary (Num 18) & the "red heifer" ritual (Num 19)

  • Baumgarten, Albert I. “The Paradox of the Red Heifer.” Vetus Testamentum 43/4 (1993): 442–51. [link]
  • Blau, Joseph L. (Joseph Leon). “Red Heifer: A Biblical Purification Rite in Rabbinic Literature.” Numen 14/1 (1967): 70–78. [link]
  • Etkin, William. “The Mystery of the Red Heifer: A Scientific Midrash.” Judaism 28/3 (1979): 353–56. [link]
  • Greenberg, Martin A. “The Red Heifer Ritual: A Rational Explanation.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 25/1 (1997): 44–46. [link]
  • Harris, Rachel T. “The Ritual of the Red Heifer.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 26/3 (1998): 198–200. [link]
  • Junker, Sandra. “The Disorderly Body: Considerations of The Book of Numbers, 19 and Ritual Impurity after Contact with a Corpse.” Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 23 (2011): 197–205. [link]
  • Maccoby, Hyam. “The Corpse in the Text.” Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 28/2 (1997): 195–209. [link]
  • MacDonald, Nathan. “The Hermeneutics and Genesis of the Red Cow Ritual.” Harvard Theological Review 105/3 (2012): 351–71. [link]
  • Newman, Stephen. “Understanding the Mystery of the Red Heifer Ritual.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 43/2 (2015): 106–8. [link]
  • Starr, Hyman. “The Inquity of the Sanctuary: A Study of the Hebrew Term ʻAWÔN.” Journal of Biblical Literature 60/3 (1941): 311–14. [link]

Balaam & his donkey (Num 22-24)

  • Albright, William Foxwell. “The Oracles of Balaam.” Journal of Biblical Literature 63/3 (1944): 207–33. [link]
  • Allegro, John Marco. “Meaning of the Phrase Šetūm Hā’ayin in Numbers 24:3,15.” Vetus Testamentum 3/1 (1953): 78–79. [link]
  • Angel, Hayyim. “When God’s Will Can and Cannot Be Altered: The Relationship between the Balaam Narrative and 1 Kings 13.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 33/1 (2005): 31–39. [link]
  • Anisfeld, Moshe. “The Psychology of Balaam.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 41/4 (2013): 227–35. [link]
  • Ausloos, Hans. “A Star Was Born: About the Bifocal Reception History of Balaam.” Scriptura 116/2 (2017): 1–14. doi:10.7833/116-2-1311. [link]
  • Barré, Michael L. “The Portrait of Balaam in Numbers 22-24.” Interpretation 51/3 (1997): 254–66. [link]
  • Baskin, Judith R. “Origen on Balaam: The Dilemma of the Unworthy Prophet.” Vigiliae Christianae 37/1 (1983): 22–35. [link]
  • Begg, Christopher T. “Balaam’s Talking Ass (Num 22,21-35): Three Retellings of Her Story.” Annali Di Storia Dell’Esegesi 24/1 (2007): 207–28. [link]
  • Blumenthal, Fred. “Balaam and His Talking Donkey.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 34/2 (2006): 83–85. [link]
  • Caulley, Thomas Scott. “Balaam’s ‘Star’ Oracle in Jewish and Christian Prophetic Tradition.” Restoration Quarterly 56/1 (2014): 28–40. [link]
  • Coats, George W. “Balaam: Sinner or Saint?” Biblical Research 18 (1973): 21–29. [link]
  • ______________. “The Way of Obedience: Traditio-Historical and Hermeneutical Reflections on the Balaam Story.” Semeia 24 (1982): 53–79. [link]
  • Cohen, Jeffrey M. “Balaam: Did God Change His Mind?” Jewish Bible Quarterly 20/3 (1992): 159–63. [link]
  • Frisch, Amos. “The Story of Balaam’s She-Ass (Numbers 22:21-35): A New Literary Insight.” Hebrew Studies 56 (2015): 103–13. [link]
  • Gass, Erasmus. “Modes of Divine Communication in the Balaam Narrative.” Biblische Notizen 139 (2008): 19–38. [link]
  • Gevaryahu, Gilad Jacob Joseph. “The Meaning of and He Went Shefi (Num 23:3).” Jewish Bible Quarterly 41/4 (2013): 262–65. [link]
  • Goodnick, Benjamin. “Balaam: Some Aspects of His Character.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 24/3 (1996): 167–72. [link]
  • Guyot, Gilmore Henry. “The Prophecy of Balaam.” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 2/4 (1940): 330–40. [link]
  • _________________. “Balaam.” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 3/3 (1941): 235–42. [link]
  • Hackett, Jo Ann. “Some Observations on the Balaam Tradition at Deir ʻAllā.” The Biblical Archaeologist 49/4 (1986): 216–22. [link]
  • Hall, Amy Laura. “Prophetic Vulnerability and the Strange Goodness of God: A Reading of Numbers 22 and 1 Kings 17.” Sewanee Theological Review 46/3 (2003): 340–48. [link]
  • Hepner, Gershon. “The Mockery of Kings and Prophets: The Balaam Narrative Contains an Implied Critique of Moses.” Revue Biblique 118/2 (2011): 180–85. [link]
  • Lapsley, Jacqueline E. “‘Am I Able to Say Just Anything?’: Learning Faithful Exegesis from Balaam.” Interpretation 60/1 (2006): 22–31. [link]
  • Layton, Scott C. “Whence Comes Balaam: Num 22:5 Revisited.” Biblica 73/1 (1992): 32–61. [link]
  • Lieber, Laura Suzanne. “Telling a Liturgical Tale: Storytelling in Early Jewish Liturgical Poetry.” Zeitschrift Für Religions- Und Geistesgeschichte 66/3–4 (2014): 209–32. [link]
  • Lutzky, Harriet. “Ambivalence Toward Balaam.” Vetus Testamentum 49/3 (1999): 421–25. [link]
  • Moyer, Clinton J. “Who Is the Prophet, and Who the Ass?: Role-Reversing Interludes and the Unity of the Balaam Narrative (Numbers 22-24).” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 37/2 (2012): 167–83. doi:10.1177/0309089212455568. [link]
  • Notarius, Tania. “Poetic Discourse and the Problem of Verbal Tenses in the Oracles of Balaam.” Hebrew Studies 49 (2008): 55–86. [link]
  • Regt, L J de. “Don’t Shoot the Messenger!: Embedded Direct Speech Conveyed by a Messenger in 2 Samuel 11 and Numbers 22.” The Bible Translator 69/2 (2018): 269–76. doi:10.1177/2051677018778738. [link]
  • Safren, Jonathan D. “Balaam and Abraham.” Vetus Testamentum 38/1 (1988): 105–13. [link]
  • Sals, Ulrike. “The Hybrid Story of Balaam (Numbers 22-24): Theology for the Diaspora in the Torah.” Biblical Interpretation 16/4 (2008): 315–35. doi:10.1163/156851508X328170. [link]
  • Savran, George W. “Beastly Speech: Intertextuality, Balaam’s Ass and the Garden of Eden.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 19/64 (1994): 33–55. [link]
  • _______________. “Seeing Is Believing: On the Relative Priority of Visual and Verbal Perception of the Divine.” Biblical Interpretation 17/3 (2009): 320–61. doi:10.1163/156851508X302042 [link]
  • Schipper, Jeremy. “Is Balaam Also among the Non-Disabled?” Interpretation 73/4 (2019): 367–76. doi:10.1177/0020964319857606. [link]
  • Steinberg, Theodore. “King Balak: Happy Endings.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 25/1 (1997): 56–58. [link]
  • Stokes, Ryan E. “The Devil Made David Do It...or Did He?: The Nature, Identity, and Literary Origins of the Satan in 1 Chronicles 21:1.” Journal of Biblical Literature 128/1 (2009): 91-106. [link]
  • Tate, Marvin E. “Satan in the Old Testament.” Review & Expositor 89/4 (1992): 461–74. [link]
  • Viviers, Hendrik. “The ‘ Wonderful’ Donkey: Of Real and Fabled Donkeys.” Hervormde Teologiese Studies 75/3 (2019): 1–8. doi:10.4102/hts.v75i3.5479. [link]
  • Vogel, Dan. “Balaam, Shakespeare, Shylock.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 35/4 (2007): 231–41. [link]
  • Way, Kenneth C. “Animals in the Prophetic World: Literary Reflections on Numbers 22 and 1 Kings 13.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 34/1 (2009): 47–62. doi:10.1177/0309089209346353. [link]
  • Wharton, James A. “Command to Bless: An Exposition of Numbers 22:41-23:25.” Interpretation 13/1 (1959): 37–48. [link]
  • Wifall, Walter R. “Asshur and Eber, or Asher and Heber: A Commentary on the Last Balaam Oracle, Num 24:21-24.” Zeitschrift Für Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 82/1 (1970): 110–14. [link]
  • Yahuda, A S. “The Name of Balaam’s Homeland.” Journal of Biblical Literature 64/4 (1945): 547–51. [link]

The daughters of Zelophehad (Num 27 & 36)

  • Aaron, David H. “The Ruse of Zelophehad’s Daughters.” Hebrew Union College Annual 80 (2009): 1–38. [link]
  • Claassens, L Juliana M. “‘Give Us a Portion among Our Father’s Brothers’: The Daughters of Zelophehad, Land, and the Quest for Human Dignity.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 37/3 (2013): 319–37. doi:10.1177/0309089213475399. [link]
  • Derby, Josiah. “The Daughters of Zelophehad Revisited.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 25/3 (1997): 169–71. [link]
  • Gevaryahu, Gilad Jacob Joseph. “The Root G-R-A in the Bible: The Case of the Daughters of Zelophehad and Beyond.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 41/2 (2013): 107–12. [link]
  • Kilchör, Benjamin. “Levirate Marriage in Deuteronomy 25:5-10 and Its Precursors in Leviticus and Numbers: A Test Case for the Relationship between P/H and D.” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 77/3 (2015): 429–40. [link]
  • Kislev, Itamar. “Numbers 36,1-12: Innovation and Interpretation.” Zeitschrift Für Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 122/2 (2010): 249–59. doi:10.1515/ZAW.2010.018. [link]
  • Litke, John D. “The Daughters of Zelophehad.” Currents in Theology and Mission 29/3 (2002): 207–18. [link]
  • Ron, Zvi. “The Daughters of Zelophehad.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 26/4 (1998): 260–62. [link]
  • Sakenfeld, Katharine Doob. “Zelophehad’s Daughters.” Perspectives in Religious Studies 15/4 (1988): 37–47. [link]
  • Shemesh, Yael. “A Gender Perspective on the Daughters of Zelophehad: Bible, Talmudic Midrash, and Modern Feminist Midrash.” Biblical Interpretation 15/1 (2007): 80–109. [link]
  • Snaith, N. H. "Daughters of Zelophehad." Vetus testamentum 16/1 (1966): 124-127. [link]
  • Ulrich, Dean R. “The Framing Function of the Narratives about Zelophehad’s Daughters.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 41/4 (1998): 529–38. [link]
  • Weingreen, Jacob. “Case of the Daughters of Zelophehad.” Vetus Testamentum 16/4 (1966): 518–22. [link]
  • Williams, Delores S. “A Theology of Advocacy for Women.” Church & Society 91/2 (2000): 4–8. [link]

Moses' leadership (anywhere in Numbers) & failure at Kadesh (Num 20)

  • Anisfeld, Moshe. "Why was Moses barred from leading the people into the promised land?: a psychotheological answer." Jewish Bible Quarterly, 39/4 (2011), 211–220. [link]
  • Arden, Eugene. “How Moses Failed God.” Journal of Biblical Literature 76/1 (1957): 50–52. [link]
  • Beck, John A. “Why Did Moses Strike out?: The Narrative-Geographical Shaping of Moses’ Disqualification in Numbers 20:1-13.” The Westminster Theological Journal 65/1 (2003): 135–41. [link]
  • Coats, George W. “Moses the Leader: A Review Article.” Lexington Theological Quarterly 20/4 (1985): 135–38. [link]
  • Emmrich, Martin. “The Case against Moses Reopened.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 46/1 (2003): 53–62. [link]
  • Gorringe, Timothy. “Three Texts about Moses: Numbers 12, 16 and 20.” The Expository Times 118/4 (2007): 177–79. [link]
  • Helfgot, Nathaniel. “‘And Moses Struck the Rock’: Numbers 20 and the Leadership of Moses.” Tradition 27/3 (1993): 51–58. [link]
  • Hymes, David. “Heroic Leadership in the Wilderness Part 2.” Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies 10/1 (2007): 3–21. [link]
  • Kahn, Pinchas. “Moses at the Waters of Meribah: A Case of Transference.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 35/2 (2007): 85–93. [link]
  • Lioy, Dan. “Who Is to Blame for God’s Prohibition against Moses Entering the Promised Land?” Conspectus 30 (October 2020): 34–57. [link]
  • Lipton, Diana. “Inevitability and Community in the Demise of Moses.” The Journal of Progressive Judaism 7 (November 1996: 79–93. [link]
  • Litke, Joel. “Moses at the Waters of Meribah.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 39/1 (2011): 31–34. [link]
  • Propp, William Henry. “The Rod of Aaron and the Sin of Moses.” Journal of Biblical Literature 107/1 (1988): 19–26. [link]
  • Rogers, Cleon L, Jr. “Moses: Meek or Miserable?” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 29/3 (1986): 257–63. [link]
  • Rosman, Morris. “Moses: Not a Man of Words.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 42/2 (2014): 128–30. [link]
  • Wantaate, Fred. “Behaviors That Characterize a Power Play in a Small     Group.” Journal of Biblical Theology 1/1 (2018): 80–109. [link]
  • Whybray, Roger N. “The Immorality of God: Reflections on Some Passages in Genesis, Job, Exodus and Numbers.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 21/72 (1996): 89–120. [link]
  • Wong, Ka Leung. “‘And Moses Raised His Hand’ in Numbers 20,11.” Biblica 89/3 (2008): 397–400. [link]

The Incident at Ba'al Peor/Phinehas/Cozbi/divine violence (Num 25 & 31)

  • Baruchi-Unna, Amitai. “The Story of the Zeal of Phinehas and Congregational Weeping at Bethel.” Vetus Testamentum 65/4 (2015): 505–15. doi:10.1163/15685330-12301218. [link]
  • Blenkinsopp, Joseph. “The Baal Peor Episode Revisited (Num 25,1-18).” Biblica 93/1 (2012): 86–97. [link]
  • Brown, Ken. “Vengeance and Vindication in Numbers 31.” Journal of Biblical Literature 134/1 (2015): 65–84. doi:10.15699/jbl.1341.2015.2561. [link]
  • Cohen, Jeffrey M. “Phinehas, Elijah & Circumcision.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 41/1 (2013): 14–18. [link]
  • Fleurant, Josebert. “Phinehas Murdered Moses’ Wife: An Analysis of Numbers 25.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 35/3 (2011): 285–94. doi:10.1177/0309089210386348. [link]
  • Leveen, Adriane B. “Inside out: Jethro, the Midianites and a Biblical Construction of the Outsider.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 34/4 (2010): 395–417. doi:10.1177/0309089210365966 [link]
  • Lutzky, Harriet. “The Name ‘Cozbi’ (Numbers XXV 15, 18).” Vetus Testamentum 47/4 (1997): 546–49. [link]
  • Marttila, Marko. “The Figure of Phinehas from Different Perspectives: The Hero of His People in Num 25:6-13, Ps 106:28-31 and Sir 45:23-26.” Journal of Ancient Judaism 5/1 (2014): 2–24. [link]
  • Monroe, Lauren A. S. “Phinehas’ Zeal and the Death of Cozbi: Unearthing a Human Scapegoat Tradition in Numbers 25:1-18.” Vetus Testamentum 62/2 (2012): 211–31. doi:10.1163/156853312X629171. [link]
  • _________________. “Disembodied Women: Sacrificial Language and the Deaths of Bat-Jephthah, Cozbi, and the Bethlehemite Concubine.” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 75/1 (2013): 32–52. [link]
  • Niditch, Susan. “War, Women, and Defilement in Numbers 31.” Semeia 61 (1993): 39–57. [link]
  • Organ, Barbara E. “Pursuing Phinehas: A Synchronic Reading.” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 63/2 (2001): 203–18. [link]
  • Ortlund, Dane C. “Phinehan Zeal: A Consideration of James Dunn’s Proposal.” Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 20/4 (2011): 299–315. doi:10.1177/0951820711411233. [link]
  • Pettit, David P. “Expiating Apostasy: Baal Peor, Moses, and Intermarriage with a Midianite Woman.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 42/4 (2018): 457–68. doi:10.1177/0309089216692182. [link]
  • Quesada, Jan Jaynes. “Body Piercing: The Issue of Priestly Control over Acceptable Family Structure in the Book of Numbers.” Biblical Interpretation 10/1 (2002): 24–35. [link]
  • Rees, Anthony. “[Re]Naming Cozbi: In Memoriam, Cozbi, Daughter of Zur.” Biblical Interpretation 20/1–2 (2012): 16–34. doi:10.1163/156851512X618588. [link]
  • Reif, Stefan C. “What Enraged Phinehas: A Study of Numbers 25:8.” Journal of Biblical Literature 90/2 (1971): 200–206. [link]
  • Schellenberg, Ryan S, and Timothy J Geddert. “Phinehas and the Pharisees: Identity and Tolerance in Biblical Perspective.” Direction 34/2 (2005): 170–80. [link]
  • Seebass, Horst. “The Case of Phinehas at Baal Peor in Num 25.” Biblische Notizen 117 (2003): 40–46. [link]
  • Sicherman, Max. “The Political Side of the Zimri-Cozbi Affair.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 36/1 (2008): 22–24. [link]
  • Sivan, Helena Zlotnick. “The Rape of Cozbi (Numbers Xxv).” Vetus Testamentum 51/1 (2001): 69–80. [link]
  • Steinberg, Paul. “Phinehas: Hero or Vigilante?” Jewish Bible Quarterly 35/2 (2007): 119–26. [link]
  • Waters, Jaime L. 2017. “The Belly: Phinehas’ Target in Numbers 25:8.” Conversations with the Biblical World 37: 38–55. [link]
  • Wiggins, Steve A. “Good Book Gone Bad: Reading Phinehas and Watching Horror.” Horizons in Biblical Theology 41/1 (2019): 93–103. doi:10.1163/18712207-12341387. [link]
  • Wright, David P. “Purification from Corpse-Contamination in Numbers 31:19-24.” Vetus Testamentum 35/2 (1985): 213–23. [link]